“Fear helps create knowing-doing gaps because acting on one’s knowledge requires that a person believe he or she will not be punished for doing so—that taking risks based on new information and insight will be rewarded, not punished. When people fear for their jobs, their futures, or even for their self-esteem, it is unlikely that they will feel secure enough to do anything but what they have done in the past. Fear will cause them to repeat past mistakes and re-create past problems, even when they know better ways of doing the work.”

– Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert Sutton

Mr. Lewis embodies Prof. Pfeffer’s criticism of management almost to the word. His decisions were short-sighted, and put his fear of his employment (and of the ultimate loss of a deal) far ahead of what would be a good, sound business decision. I would argue that his transaction with Merrill Lynch’s CEO John Thain was an even further example of Mr. Lewis trying to be the hero, versus trying to grow the business in an appropriate way. Frontline ran a special about Ken Lewis and his appetite for deals, and they draw a conclusion that supports Prof. Pfeffer’s theory.

President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden practice their putting on the White House putting green April 24, 2009.

Official White House Photo by Pete Souza

One aspect of the discussion is the level of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere — grouped in as one of the “greenhouse gases” — and how it has been rising steadily. If nothing else, use today as an excuse to learn how to reverse the trend:

On a slightly less serious note, in celebration of Earth Day, NASA presents images of Earth captured by cameras aboard the International Space Station. Traveling at an approximate speed of 17,500 miles per hour, the space station orbits Earth every 90 minutes from an altitude of approximately 220 miles, and can be seen from Earth with the naked eye. Its crew experiences 16 sunrises and sunsets each day.